yeuoduTn fjkqfjka w¨;a ;dlaIKsl ,sms f.k Mk wms wo yÿkajdfokafkawka;¾cd,fha fjíWm; .ekhs¡
jir 1989 ud¾;= 12 jeksod ì%;dkH cd;sl mß.Kl úoHd áï n¾ki¾ ,S úiska m¾fhaIK m;%sldjla m%isoaO lrk ,os¡ f;dr;=re l<ukdlrK fhdackdj,sh( Information Management - A Proposal )kï Mu ,shú,a, fM;sydisl ,shú,a,ls¡ f,dal jHdma; cd,h;a,f,dj m<uq fjí n%õirh;a ks¾udKh lrkakg fuu m¾fhaIK f;dr;=r uQ,sl jQjd muKla fkdj f,dal áï n¾k¾ia ,S b;sydi .; lrkakgo Mhu fya;= jqKs¡ Mkï wka;¾Pd,fha jvd;a ckm%shu Wm fldgi fjk f,dal jHdma; cd,h ìysù jir 26 ls¡
weußldfõ ueipqfiÜia ;dlaIK ;dlaIK wdh;kfhao Mx.,ka;fha ioïgka úYaj úoHd,fhao uydpd¾hjrfhl= f,i jev l< Y%su;a áï n¾k¾ia ,S wka;¾cd,fha
;dlaIKsl m%ñ;s idok j¾,aâ jhsâ fjí (www) fldkafidaáhï wdh;kfha m%Odkshdh¡
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fM;sydisl fidhd .ekSu¡
wka;¾Pd,h hkq mß.Kl cd,j,ska ieÿKq úYd, cd,hla nj oksuq¡Mh 1969mgkau f,dal m%lgúoHd.drj, jev l< w;f,diaila m¾fhaIlhska úiska Ndú;d l< fuj,uls¡Mh f;dr;=re yqjure fjkafkafâgd.a?ï (datagram)fyj;a melÜ jYfhks¡fï fâgd.a?ï yeisfrkafka ,shqï ljrhl nydÆ ,shqula fuks ,shqu ;emEf,ka hk úg Mh ldgj;a n,kakg neßh ,shqu lvd Mh n,kakdla fuka fâgd.a?ï l%ufhka hjk f;dr;=re f.dkak újD; fjkafka Mh b,a,d isá mßYS,lhd mdúÑÑ lrk mß.KfhaoSh¡Ma lshkafka fâgd.a?uh w;rueo ;ekkloS újD;ùula ke;s ksid cd,fha we;s mß.Klhla fj; fú.fhka fhduq fõ¡
DatagramNetwork
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áï n¾k¾ia ,S ish m¾fhaIK m;%sldfjka fhdackd lf<a m¾fhaIlhska w; ;snq fï wk.s fuj,u idudkHmß.Klj,oS;a Ndú;d l< yels kj ;dlaIKhla l%shdfú fhdojkakgh¡Ma wkqj wka;¾Pd,fha fjí msgq fmkajk fjkuu fldgila f,i f,dal jHdma; cd,h (www - world wide web)ìys lsßu fhdackd lr, Bg WÑ; ;dlaIKh fidhd .;af;a h¡f,dal jHdma; cd,fha we;s fjí msgq ilia lrk úfYaI NdIdj (HTML - hypertext mark up language)úúO mß.KlNdIdj,ska ,shd we;s fjí msgq fmdÿ m%ñ;shlg f.k Mk fm%dfgdflda,h (http - hyper - text transfer protocol)iy htmlwkqj ,shQ fyda httpyryd fjí msgqjlg f.kd fyda f;dr;=re cd,fhka fidhd .ekSfï l%uho(url - universal resource locator) fhdackd lrk ,os¡
¡fï lghq;=j,ska miqj 1990foieïnrfha oS fjí n%õirhla fyj;a fjí msgq mß.Kl ;srfhka fmkajk uDÿldx.hla o áï n¾k¾ia ,Súiska ks¾udKh lf<ah¡f,dj m%:u fjí n%õirh jQ Mh 1991fmnrjdß jeksod ýkSj kqjr i¾ka(CERN - Europian Organisation for Nuclear Research)wdh;kfha m¾fhaIlhskag ,ndÿKs¡
úúO udos,sfha f,aLk (differerent documents)Mlsfkl iïnkaOlrkakg fhdod .kakd;dlaIKsl l%uhg lshkafka yhsm¾fglaiaÜ lshdh¡fï l%uh l,ska fidhdf.k ;snQ Mlla jqjo mß.Kl Mlsfkl iuÕ iïnkaO fldg f,dalõ jHdma;cd,h ks¾udKh lrkakg yhsm¾fglaiaÜ l%uh yevjev lf<ao áï n¾k¾ia ,S úiskau óg wjqreÿ úis yhlg l,sks¡
¡
;dlaIKsl m%ñ;s idok j¾,aâ jhsâ fjí (www) fldkafidaáhï wdh;kfha m%Odkshdh¡
fM;sydisl fidhd .ekSu¡
wka;¾Pd,h hkq mß.Kl cd,j,ska ieÿKq úYd, cd,hla nj oksuq¡Mh 1969mgkau f,dal m%lgúoHd.drj, jev l< w;f,diaila m¾fhaIlhska úiska Ndú;d l< fuj,uls¡Mh f;dr;=re yqjure fjkafkafâgd.a?ï (datagram)fyj;a melÜ jYfhks¡fï fâgd.a?ï yeisfrkafka ,shqï ljrhl nydÆ ,shqula fuks ,shqu ;emEf,ka hk úg Mh ldgj;a n,kakg neßh ,shqu lvd Mh n,kakdla fuka fâgd.a?ï l%ufhka hjk f;dr;=re f.dkak újD; fjkafka Mh b,a,d isá mßYS,lhd mdúÑÑ lrk mß.KfhaoSh¡Ma lshkafka fâgd.a?uh w;rueo ;ekkloS újD;ùula ke;s ksid cd,fha we;s mß.Klhla fj; fú.fhka fhduq fõ¡
DatagramNetwork
.
áï n¾k¾ia ,S ish m¾fhaIK m;%sldfjka fhdackd lf<a m¾fhaIlhska w; ;snq fï wk.s fuj,u idudkHmß.Klj,oS;a Ndú;d l< yels kj ;dlaIKhla l%shdfú fhdojkakgh¡Ma wkqj wka;¾Pd,fha fjí msgq fmkajk fjkuu fldgila f,i f,dal jHdma; cd,h (www - world wide web)ìys lsßu fhdackd lr, Bg WÑ; ;dlaIKh fidhd .;af;a h¡f,dal jHdma; cd,fha we;s fjí msgq ilia lrk úfYaI NdIdj (HTML - hypertext mark up language)úúO mß.KlNdIdj,ska ,shd we;s fjí msgq fmdÿ m%ñ;shlg f.k Mk fm%dfgdflda,h (http - hyper - text transfer protocol)iy htmlwkqj ,shQ fyda httpyryd fjí msgqjlg f.kd fyda f;dr;=re cd,fhka fidhd .ekSfï l%uho(url - universal resource locator) fhdackd lrk ,os¡
¡fï lghq;=j,ska miqj 1990foieïnrfha oS fjí n%õirhla fyj;a fjí msgq mß.Kl ;srfhka fmkajk uDÿldx.hla o áï n¾k¾ia ,Súiska ks¾udKh lf<ah¡f,dj m%:u fjí n%õirh jQ Mh 1991fmnrjdß jeksod ýkSj kqjr i¾ka(CERN - Europian Organisation for Nuclear Research)wdh;kfha m¾fhaIlhskag ,ndÿKs¡
úúO udos,sfha f,aLk (differerent documents)Mlsfkl iïnkaOlrkakg fhdod .kakd;dlaIKsl l%uhg lshkafka yhsm¾fglaiaÜ lshdh¡fï l%uh l,ska fidhdf.k ;snQ Mlla jqjo mß.Kl Mlsfkl iuÕ iïnkaO fldg f,dalõ jHdma;cd,h ks¾udKh lrkakg yhsm¾fglaiaÜ l%uh yevjev lf<ao áï n¾k¾ia ,S úiskau óg wjqreÿ úis yhlg l,sks¡
¡
f,dalhdg l< n,mEu¡
Mod mgka wo olajd f.ù .sh fï lshk wjqreÿ úis yh ld,h ;=< f,dal jHdma; cd,h f,dalhdgfld;rï n,mEï fldg ;sfnkafkao lshd fmkajkakg ;sfnk fyd|u l%uh wo idudkH Ôú;h mj;ajd f.k hkakg w;HjYH jev w;ßka fldmuK Majd f,dal jHdma; cd,h yd ne|S ;sfío hkak úuid ne,Suhs¡
Mod mgka wo olajd f.ù .sh fï lshk wjqreÿ úis yh ld,h ;=< f,dal jHdma; cd,h f,dalhdgfld;rï n,mEï fldg ;sfnkafkao lshd fmkajkakg ;sfnk fyd|u l%uh wo idudkH Ôú;h mj;ajd f.k hkakg w;HjYH jev w;ßka fldmuK Majd f,dal jHdma; cd,h yd ne|S ;sfío hkak úuid ne,Suhs¡
¡
wo f,dal ck.ykh fldaá 700 ls¡fï ck.ykfhka iEu ish fofkl=f.kau 40 fofkla wka;¾cd,h Ndú;d lr;s¡hqfrdamh ;ksj .;a úg fï Ndú;dj 75 ls¡wdishdfõ fï w.h ishhg32 ls¡ wm%sldfõ 16ls¡
¡
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fufia f,dal jHdma; cd,h jHdma; cd,h;a iuÕ neoS isák fï fikÕg bka jQ n,mEu ksid wo f,dalhg w¨;a ck lKavdhula ìysj isákafkah¡fï ck lKavdhu rgla ksfhdackh lrkafka kï Ma rg äðg,a rgls¡Ma ksid Ma rfá mqrjeishd äðg,a mqrjeisfhlafjkafkah¡¡
wo f,dal ck.ykh fldaá 700 ls¡fï ck.ykfhka iEu ish fofkl=f.kau 40 fofkla wka;¾cd,h Ndú;d lr;s¡hqfrdamh ;ksj .;a úg fï Ndú;dj 75 ls¡wdishdfõ fï w.h ishhg32 ls¡ wm%sldfõ 16ls¡
¡
¡
fufia f,dal jHdma; cd,h jHdma; cd,h;a iuÕ neoS isák fï fikÕg bka jQ n,mEu ksid wo f,dalhg w¨;a ck lKavdhula ìysj isákafkah¡fï ck lKavdhu rgla ksfhdackh lrkafka kï Ma rg äðg,a rgls¡Ma ksid Ma rfá mqrjeishd äðg,a mqrjeisfhlafjkafkah¡¡
